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Foraging For Wild Harvested Arabica Coffee Beans If you like a cup of coffee in the morning, it's likely made from beans from Coffea arabica. This variety accounts for 60 to 70 percent of the global coffee market. Scientists at UB have developed a reference genome that is of the highest quality to date for this species of plant that reveals the secrets of its lineage over millennia. This research will help us understand how we could breed the plant to make it more resilient to climate change and diseases. Health Benefits For a plant as popular as coffee, it's shocking how little is known about the species' origins and growing conditions. Despite its global fame, coffee is still an extremely young crop. It was only in the past century that major multinational corporations emerged and took over the market. The species, Coffea arabica, has an array of chemical components that can have a variety of health benefits. The research into this topic is still in its early stages however the antioxidant compounds of the plant are believed to lower the risk of certain chronic diseases. Foraging for wild-grown coffee is a great way to gain these health benefits. In the wild, Coffea arabica grows as a small tree or shrub that produces fruit that has two seeds in each. The fruits are known as drupes, and have an edible fleshy exterior that is stuffed with coffee beans. The drupes are green when unripe and turn red or purple when ready to harvest. The trees require regular pruning to ensure they are established and growing. They also need to be pollinated by wild birds or insects to ensure a fruitful crop. The plants thrive in tropical climates, where temperatures are maintained between 15 and 24oC (59-75oF). If it is higher or lower, and photosynthesis is reduced. The trees need a good amount of rain, ranging from 1500 and 2500 mm per year evenly spread throughout the year. Too little rain can cause the plant to rust or die. In the event of drought, water has to be irrigated. The majority of commercially produced coffee is derived from cultivars selected for particular traits. These cultivars do not have the genetic diversity that the natural populations of the species have. This low genetic range makes the crop vulnerable to a variety of pathogens and pests and climate change threatens the plant's supply as well. By preserving the genetic diversity of wild species it will be much easier to identify solutions and maintain the benefits to the economy as well as the cultural and health benefits of this global favorite. The caffeine in coffee increases the metabolism of the body and can improve concentration, mental alertness, and performance in a variety of ways. It can prevent dehydration, promote weight loss, and decrease the chance of developing cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Furthermore, the social aspect of drinking coffee encourages social interactions that be beneficial to health. Economic Benefits Coffee isn't just a drink for millions of people around the world. It's also a source of income, and economic well-being. The changing climate could cause coffee prices to rise substantially, threatening the livelihoods of those who depend on the beverage. Coffee cultivation is complex however, researchers are looking for ways to sustain this crucial crop while also protecting the environment and the farmers who cultivate it. Coffea arabica, a tropical evergreen shrub or tree produces a drupe or fruit with two seeds that is the coffee bean we drink. The fragrant, fleshy fruits of Coffea Arabicica are like those of other drupes like plums, cherries and peaches. They are male (staminate) and female (pistillate) and self-pollinating. However, cross-pollination may be necessary to make high quality coffee beans. Cultivation of Coffea arabica requires specific conditions. The plants require rich, well draining soil as well as a moderate climate that ranges from warm to cold. They are sensitive to temperature fluctuations and require protection against frost. They are vulnerable to diseases and pests, such as the leaf rust fungus and coffee beetle berry. These can result in significant losses in production. The genetics of coffee plants have led to the development and creation of new hybrids and varieties that are more resistant against climate changes and other threats. Furthermore, researchers are looking for coffee cultivars that have distinctive aromas and flavors for those who drink. The coffee industry is also experimenting with methods for sustainable farming that can reduce environmental impact including better fertilization and water management. These changes could benefit coffee farms and the communities that depend on them, and can also enhance the quality of the beans. Many of the problems that face coffee farming such as climate change, disease and pests, can be mitigated by protecting the natural habitats that allow the plants thrive naturally in their wild state. The forests of southwest Ethiopia are becoming an increasingly important place to safeguard the genetic diversity of Coffea Arabicica which is an essential component of our morning coffee. Environmental Benefits Coffee is grown in high altitudes, and needs a climate with moderate temperature variations. It also requires a large amount of rain, which is achieved by evenly distributing the rainfall throughout the year. Plants are pruned frequently to increase productivity, control the height and ensure they are healthy. Coffea arabica can last approximately nine months from flowering to harvesting and this process happens within a single growing season. The harvesting process is generally done by hand to ensure that only the cherries that are ripe are picked, and this helps to prevent over-production which could cause illnesses and lower quality. Contrary to the majority of commercially grown varieties, which are cultivars created by selective breeding for specific traits, wild coffee has greater genetic diversity. It is therefore more able to adapt to changing conditions and threats. Furthermore, preserving this genetic diversity can help preserve the economic and cultural advantages of Arabica coffee in the near future. While wild coffee plants are still being found in the forests of southwest Ethiopia, they are in danger from deforestation and other environmental threats. Conservation strategies are needed to ensure the survival and sustainability of this species, as well as the livelihoods of the communities that depend upon them. premium quality arabica coffee beans Coffeee of these strategies is known as Participatory Forest Management (PFM), where the forest is managed by local communities who live within and around the forest. These communities have been granted long-standing rights to forest land and are responsible for managing the land. The PFM approach empowers these communities to manage their coffee plantation as well as other forest resources. This helps to ensure the preservation of the natural ecosystem and the biodiversity that aids in the growth and development of the coffee tree. As the demand for gourmet-quality coffee continues to grow it is crucial that these practices are integrated into every aspect of production. This will not only ensure the quality of the coffee beans, but it will protect the environment and improve the lives of those who depend on it for their livelihoods. By making conservation and sustainability the top priority for coffee producers, they can continue to grow exceptional coffee while contributing to a sustainable economy. Cultural Benefits The coffee that we drink in the morning comes from the fruit of a specific type of plant. This fruit resembles an apple, and it has the coffee bean inside. The beans are protected by a layer of pulp, and the flavor profiles differ based on the method by which the brew is made. Certain methods are believed to produce nutty notes and others give fruity and floral notes. The overall profile can also be altered by the method of roasting, which in turn alters the intensity of the beverage's aroma and flavor characteristics. The first coffee seeds crossed the Red Sea from Yemen to the lower Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. This journey marked the beginning of a global society centered around this prized crop. Cultivated Arabica is genetically limited than its wild relatives, and this insufficiency exposes it to environmental stressors like diseases or climate change. The genetic diversity that exists in the coffee species's natural habitats is vital to our capacity to cultivate a sustainable and healthy crop. The cultivation and harvesting of arabica beans from the wild regardless of whether it is in Ethiopia or elsewhere is not only good practice for the environment but is also an important social, cultural, and economic practice that has numerous benefits for local communities. Wild-harvested beans are among the most sought-after coffees available because they have distinct flavors that are difficult to replicate with cultivated plants. Additionally, these foraged plants help keep the Coffea arabica gene pool arabica diverse and healthy It is vital to keep the gene pool diverse and healthy given that the majority of coffee grown commercially is produced from cultivars of the crop — which come from a mere 10 percent of the genetic variation that is found in wild arabica. This diversity will assist us to deal with future threats and climate change impacts that will affect the coffee industry worldwide. We've made huge strides in the coffee industry, but there's more to be done. Promoting and implementing sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture practices will help reduce the impact of the coffee industry on tropical ecosystems. This involves using soil management, intercropping and agroforestry techniques to reduce the impact of coffee. It also means promoting wild arabica and other varieties, as well as supporting sustainable farming methods such as shade coffee in order to decrease the risk of pests and disease.